Categoria: partitions

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difference between free and available

You could have an ext4 partition with almost 70 gb free (i.g. on KDE partition manager) but only a few more than 10 gb available in Dolphin.

Indeed free and available are not the same: free means the total space (available for root), available (in Dolphin) is the space for a single user.

If that partition is not a root one (=is not /) you could do something like:

sudo tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sdxx
  • in the code above replace sdxx with the real name of your partition (you can know it, i.g. doing df -h), that is something like sdb8 or sdc6.
  • Be careful! Make sure that you have enough linux knowledge to do safely this kind of command. At your risk.

After your command, you should see that in that partition your user-available space is only 1gb less of the total space (that is 70 – 1). If your command would have been

sudo tune2fs -m 3 /dev/sdxx

Your user available space would be =70-3.

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Linux fstab to mount different fs with the same label

If you have different partitions (such as USB ones) with the same label (so that you can syncro them with the same script) but with different filesystem (such as btrfs and ext4) you can modify your fstab line using auto instead of etx4 or btrfs.

I mean something like this:

LABEL="your-label"  /media/your-mount-path  auto  users,noauto,noatime,nodiratime  0  2

In this way you will be able to mount your usb devices (either etx4 or btrfs or another fs) without problems.

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clone an installation with DD

Today I managed to clone a mounted linux installation with DD. This was the code:

 dd if=/dev/sdb3  of=/dev/sdb2

/dev/sdb2 was mounted, but I let it inactive. In this way I got a perfecft and working clone of my first operative system. Of course I had to

  • fix a problem in the new partition (with GParted: check and fix partition): I noticed that fstab was not recognized as text file, i.g..
  • change /etc/fstab according to the UUID of the new installation (UUID of /dev/sdb2 is different from UUID of /dev/sdb3, as I saw in GParted)

Maybe I was very lucky. I’m not saying that you should follow my example: the best thing is to work on unmounted partitions.

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problems with an encrypted partition

In Linux you could face an impossibility to mount a crypted partition.

The command that could be useful then are

1. sudo dmsetup ls --tree
2. ls -l /dev/mapper/
3. sudo dmsetup remove /dev/dm-0

You have to replace dm-0 with your result in 2.